Bath is the only UK city designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in recognition of the ancient Roman Baths and outstanding Georgian architecture. Its rich history, influence on literature, and Palladian-style honey-coloured buildings make it one of the UK's most romantic places to stay and visit.
The ancient Roman Baths are the most iconic landmark in the city of Bath. When the Romans discovered the natural hot springs in 70 AD, they built these beautiful bathhouses and a temple, which explains the origin of the city's name. Buried beneath the city for centuries, the site was accidentally discovered and excavated in 1878.
Explore the Sacred Spring reservoir, whose mystical waters are said to heal the sick. The spectacular condition of the Roman Baths and Victorian Pump Room make them one of the most popular attractions in the UK and are protected by the World Heritage Site of Bath. You can enjoy all its history and splendour in around two hours.
Right across the road from the Roman Baths is the imposing Gothic architecture of Bath Abbey. Upon approaching the grand doors of the West front, you will see the famous Jacob's ladder, which spans the entire colossal frame of the entrance. Take a moment to spot the intricately carved angels ascending and descending the ladder to heaven. Pass through these doors to purchase tickets before admiring the webbed vaulted ceiling. You can also join a guided tour to climb 212 steps up the Tower of Bath Abbey and see the city from a birds-eye view.
Head around the corner from Bath Abbey to find the Georgian-period Pulteney Bridge. Constructed in 1770, the bridge is a magnificent example of romantic design and engineering. The classical architecture features inspiration from the elegant buildings of Rome and Greece. Notice the symmetry of the bridge, the grand central window, and clean lines typical of Georgian-style facades. The Pulteney Bridge cost £10,000 to build, which equates to millions of pounds today. It is one of only four bridges in the world with shops and restaurants across its full span on both sides.
After lunch, visit the Herschel Museum of Astrology. It was once the home of the German-British astronomer William Herschel and his sister Caroline. From this home, William discovered the planet Uranus in 1781. Both the Herschels were talented musicians with William composing 24 symphonies. Browse the home and see what life looked like for them in the 18th century.
Stop briefly by the small quaint garden of Queen Square, just a few minutes walk from the Herschel Museum. The famous architect John Wood the Elder built the square in the Georgian period. An obelisk stands in the centre, erected in 1738 in memory of Frederick the Prince of Wales, who died before becoming the King of England. Surrounding the park are Grade I listed buildings with stunning Georgian architecture, including the Bath Royal Literary and Scientific Institution.
Continue north of Queen Square to reach the Jane Austen Centre on Gay Street. The iconic author of Pride and Prejudice lived in Bath between 1801 and 1806 and it is at this exhibition, her literary work is celebrated. The exhibit tells the story of Jane and her writings, all of which, mention Bath. See actors play as Jane's characters, find out about the fashion and high society of the Regency period, and tuck into an afternoon tea.
Follow Gay Street north a short distance until you reach The Circus. Three curved rows of historic Georgian townhouses form the magnificent ring. Standing in the centre is a green lawn with ancient trees over two hundred years old. The Grade I listed buildings are the design of Bath's legendary architect, John Wood the Elder. Inspired by the Roman Coliseum, The Circus facade is lined with Doric, Roman, and Corinthian columns and intricately stone-carved wreaths, acorns, nautical symbols, Masonic emblems, flowers, birds, and faces. Famous actors, artists, and celebrities have lived at this address including Hollywood's Nicolas Cage.
Walk east on Brock Street to admire the Grade I listed building, the Royal Crescent. Five hundred feet long, the Royal Crescent is a stunning example of Georgian architecture, designed by John Wood the Younger, with the building completed in 1774. Its extravagant Palladian-style facade sweeps around into a curve, hence the name. Look out for a yellow-painted door at No. 22, a controversy caused by Miss Amabel Wellesly-Colley in the 1970s for defying the traditional white-door policy.
No. 1 Royal Crescent is the largest property on the Crescent and a townhouse museum. Restored, decorated, and furnished as it would have looked in 1776-1796, the house and original servant's quarters feature room displays, fine art, and a dressing room to see Regency-style costumes.
Stroll along the Crescent to reach Marlborough Buildings then left past the Royal Crescent Lawn. Notice the ha-ha, a long ditch in the lawn that was carefully designed to be invisible from far away and create the gentle slope of the parkland. During WWII the lawn was split into 72 allotments, earning the nickname "cabbage patch." It wasn't until 1956 that restoration transformed it to its former elegant glory.
Turn right on Marlborough Lane towards Royal Victoria Park to discover 57 acres of ornamental plants, evergreens, forest trees, wildflower meadow, beautiful landscaping, monuments, an obelisk dedicated to Queen Victoria's coronation, a large Victorian pond, a stone bridge, and oak-lined footpaths. A Grade I listed public park, Royal Victoria Park was designed as a pleasure park for carriage drives by architect Edward Davis. It is one of the earliest public parks built in the UK inspired by public parks in Paris and other continental cities. Royal Victoria Park was officially opened and toured by Princess Victoria in 1830. The Princess was only 11 years old at the time, shortly before she became Queen. The central park, known as Middle Common, is largely unchanged from its original design in the early 19th century.
Make sure to visit the secret woodland hideaway, the Great Dell, within the park. What used to be a stone quarry was transformed into a delightful sunken valley in 1839. Restored in 2015 following four years of closure, visitors can enjoy newly constructed aerial walkways and appreciate the beauty of the Dell from various viewpoints. The Great Dell is the home to unusual trees such as Monkey trees and Californian Redwood as well as a Grade II listed Shakespeare Monument and the Jupiter Head sculpture.
Created in 1839 and extended in 1887, the Botanical Gardens lie on the west side of Royal Victoria Park. Spanning nine acres, the Gardens were originally established following a large donation of 2,000 herbaceous plants and flowering shrubs from an outstanding local botanist. Later, more donations of plant collections, pine trees from the Himalayas, and limestone were given to enhance the gardens. A pool with cascades and a bridge were also added. Take a stroll past the Grade II listed Temple of Minerva, a Roman-style temple constructed in 1913.
Start the morning admiring the art collection at the Holburne Museum in Sydney Gardens. The museum houses a treasure trove of fine bronze sculptures, paintings, silver, and porcelain that were the personal collection of Sir William Holburne. The 5th Baronet of Menstrie in Scotland, Sir Holburne was born in 1793 and became a connoisseur of art after leaving the Navy and touring Europe. His collection was donated by his sister and since then an additional 2,000 Victorian items have expanded the collection, including portrait miniatures, embroideries, and oil artworks.
The Grade II listed building itself has a fascinating history. It was formally the Sydney Hotel, an attractive and elegant social venue popular in the 18th century. It was built in 1799 with tea rooms, card rooms, a concert room, and a ballroom. A tavern in the basement, the Sydney Tap, was used by the servants and sedan chairmen who carried the sedan carriages. The hotel was part of the Sydney Gardens, a much-loved pleasure garden, designed in an elongated hexagonal shape, and exclusive to polite society that could afford the entrance fee. The gardens and hotel were frequented by Bathonian resident Jane Austen, who mentioned her fondness of the park and its social events.
In its heyday, there were concerts, public breakfasts, spectacular firework displays, exotic trees, a Victorian grotto, a cascade, a watermill, an impressive labyrinth that measured half a mile, two bowling greens, an aviary, and swings. Sadly, Bath's canal and railway construction cut straight through the gardens, removing the adored labyrinth. Later, the hotel was sold separately and renovated to house the Holburne Museum.
Walk towards the centre of Bath along Great Pulteney Street, a stately boulevard constructed in 1789. A Georgian facade lines the residential homes on both sides, an interesting building technique that ensures uniformity of the buildings from the front. Individual homeowners purchased a plot of land for each house on the street. They then had the freedom to design and construct their home to their liking, which explains the diversity in architecture viewed from the back.
Sir William Pulteney, 5th Baronet and a Scottish lawyer commissioned the thoroughfare to connect the village of Bathwick to Bath. The Pulteney Bridge and Great Pulteney Street benefitted Sir William who had his estate on the east side of the River Avon. Before the bridge, a small ferry carried passengers to the centre of Bath.
Architect Thomas Baldwin planned for Great Pulteney Street to be part of a new and impressive expansion of Bath with grand streets similar to the main boulevard, majestic squares, and classical Renaissance architecture. Unfortunately, the plans were never accomplished due to the Napoleonic Wars and the French Revolution. In fact, Napoleon Bonaparte, Emperor Napoleon III of France, lived at 55 Great Pulteney Street with his wife and son for six weeks during his exile from France in 1846.
Make your Bath trip an experience to remember with a river cruise. Single and double-deck riverboats offer a tranquil river voyage with seats, drinks and snacks on board, blankets, weatherproof covers, and an informal live commentary of the local wildlife and the city's history. You can pay for tickets and board at Pulteney Weir at Pulteney Bridge, however, some operators require pre-booking. Depending on the operator, you can journey to the nearby village of Bathampton or take a 1-2 hour round trip upstream towards the Avon Valley.
Neighbouring the Pulteney Bridge are two-and-a-half acres of delightful gardens along the riverside. Still a subscription garden today, the park was initially built as a pleasure garden in 1709 to access and enjoy for a small fee. The immaculate lawns, beautiful borders of bedded flowers, and a sheltered spring walk were planned in the early 18th century to attract fashionable visitors to Bath. The park now also features a 19th-century domed ticket office, a circular pathway with the same diameter as the Stonehenge, monuments, Tuscan-style columns, a 19th-century octagonal bandstand, and spectacular exclusive views across the River Avon. It is open from April to September.
Exit the Parade Gardens and walk north again to stop by the Victoria Art Gallery, near Pulteney Bridge. Entry to the permanent display is free, including 1,500 British paintings from the 17th century, sculptures, glass artwork, and marble busts. The small but grand Grade II listed building was designed in 1897 and was originally a public library until 1990. Notice the mahogany staircase, marble columns, marble hallway, domed ceiling, and embossed Zodiac signs. The art gallery was named in celebration of Queen Victoria's 60th jubilee.
Make your way past Queen Square to reach Mary Shelley's Frankenstein Museum - an immersive experience of Gothic horror, mystery, and true history. Set inside a Grade II listed building on Gay Street, the award-winning museum is spread across four fearsome floors to frighten and entertain. During her short time in Bath, the talented yet troubled writer Mary Shelley wrote the world's first science fiction novel, Frankenstein, in 1816. Two terrifying escape rooms, a giant monster head, displays with curious and vintage artefacts, chronicles of Mary's life, and costumed hosts make this a thrilling, imaginative, and memorable encounter.
In the southern part of the city lies the 28-acre Prior Park Estate, a lavish expanse of 18th-century landscaped gardens with a steep-sided green valley overlooked by a stately Neo-Palladian mansion that sits at the top. A trio of lakes lie in the gardens with Serpentine Lake, just beside the mansion, flowing water to a cascade and underground to the two lower lakes at the bottom of the valley.
Prior Park sits on what was formally a Norman deer park owned by a bishop. One of the wealthiest men in the country, Ralph Allen, a self-made businessman from Cornwall, purchased the parkland and transformed it into an impressive Georgian landscape. He was instrumental in Bath's establishment as one of the UK's most fashionable resorts by providing building stones from his quarries. Allen hired Bath's most prestigious architect John Wood the Elder to design the Prior Park mansion, which is now a private school.
A major restoration project started when the National Trust took ownership of Prior Park Gardens in 1993. The conservation charity restored the gardens to their original beauty as intended when Ralph Allen was alive. Entrance to the Gardens allows you to amble through the woodlands and visit the curiosities of the grounds including The Cabinet, Sham Bridge, Ice House, Thatched House, a Victorian summerhouse, ruins of a mysterious Gothic temple, and fish ponds full of carp. Mrs Allen's secret Grotto is still under renovation.
The Palladian Bridge at the foot of the Prior Park Estate is truly spectacular. It is one of four bridges of its kind worldwide. The bridge's classical design was inspired by the work of 16th-century Venetian architect, Andrea Palladio. Ralph Allen commissioned the architect Richard Jones for the bridge plans and its construction was completed in 1755.
Follow the steep hill down from Prior Park back towards the centre of Bath. Along the way, you will reach Alexandra Park, which sits at the top of Beechen Cliff. Covering 11 acres, Alexandra Park was opened in 1902 in honour of Queen Alexandra and to celebrate the coronation of King Edward VII. The public park is free to visit and is a wonderful place to see panoramic views of the city below. There's also a bowling green, petanque terrain, Jacob's Ladder, and outdoor table tennis.
Bath is a family-friendly city with children's activities at most attractions. Children under five are usually free. Besides the museums, there are plenty of well-kept parks and gardens for kids to let off steam and run around Bath City Farm: Just three miles outside the city, Bath City Farm is free to access as the charity organisation accepts only donations. Across 37 acres of working farmland, children can see chickens, pigs, and ducks. The farm sells special food to have a go at feeding the pygmy goats. There's also a children's play area, woodland, wildflowers, nature trails, and a cafe.
May until September: To make the most of Bath, the drier and longer summer days in June to August are best for sightseeing until the sun goes down. The architecture and lush landscape gardens really sing in the sunshine. However, if you prefer to avoid the crowds, try visiting in the lower tourist season during spring and autumn. The month of May should see a little less rain than earlier in the year, meanwhile, it's warm enough to stay out all day ambling and getting good views from the surrounding hills. In September, you can enjoy the last of the summer heat without as much intensity and noise.
Winter closures: Be aware that certain attractions close during the winter months. The outdoor Great Bath at the Roman Baths is closed from November until February, in addition to Royal Victoria Park, Prior Park Landscape Garden, and Alexandra Park. The boating station, boat tours, guided walking tours, and sightseeing buses may also have reduced business hours.
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